The correct answer to this open question is the following.
Indeed the Roman Catholic Church responded to the spread of Protestantism in the sixteenth century in several ways. I am going to talk about The Council of Trent and The Society of Jesus,
What the Council of Trent did was to reaffirm the authority of the Pope, established seminaries for the training of priests, and backed the traditional interpretation of transubstantiation. The Council was held from 1545 to 1563 in the city of Trento, Italy. It was the Catholic Church's reaction to the Protestant Reformation led by Martin Luther, a German monk, that had written the influential book "95 Theses," in which he questioned and critiqued the selling of indulgences by the Catholic Church.
The Council of Trent provided more clerical discipline, remove church abuses, reaffirm the sacraments, and provide a system for educating clergy.
Many historians considered that the council was a counter-reformation aimed to diminish the advancement of Protestants.
In the case of the Society of Jesus, Ignatius Loyola proposed to work against the reformation by educating the people about the Catholic faith.
Ignatius Loyola(1491-1556) founded the Society of Jesus, better known as the Jesuits, who were one of the main congregations of the Counter-Reformation. Ignatius Loyola was firm on the Jesuit movement to be strict, prioritizing the spiritual life, good education, and self-examination.
Loyola proposed to work against the reformation by considering educating the people about the Catholic faith and transmitting its core values to develop the faith in their followers.
