The correct answer is: "the scientific method".
Galileo Galilei (1564 - 1642) was an Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer, known as the "father of observational astronomy" and "of the scientific method".
He conducted research on speed and velocity, gravity and free fall, the principle of relativity, etc. Through observational methods, he was able to describe the properties of such phenomena and to develop "laws" as a starting point for human understanding of them. He confronted the Roman Inquisition by defending the heliocentrism theory developed by Copernicus.
•The spread of the bubonic plague from central Asia into Europe decimated the populations but increased opportunities for the survivors.
•An enormous variety of new consumer goods, agriculture, weaponry, religion, and medical science became available in Europe.
• New diplomatic channels between Europe, Asia, and the Middle East were opened.
•Russia became unified for the first time.
