This is definitely a person becoming a naturalized U.S. citizen who is taking the Oath of Allegiance.
1. is a because when unemployed the market goes down
Although it is often claimed that Christians were persecuted for their refusal to worship the emperor, general dislike for Christians likely arose from their refusal to worship the gods or take part in sacrifice, which was expected of those living in the Roman Empire.
Hope that helps!
C. it was the last escape route from Richmond.