The correct answer is:
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C. To appeal to the dissatisfied, multi-ethnic population of the Soviet Union.
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Gorbachev was not trying "to establish his dominance," as the other answer here had suggested. When Gorbachev came into leadership in the USSR, the Soviet economy was struggling and there were dissidents across the spectrum of the country who called out for reforms and changes.
In 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev proposed policies of perestroika (restructuring) and glasnost (openness) in the Soviet Union. Perestroika meant allowing some measure of private enterprise in the Soviet Union. Glasnost meant allowing a bit of freedom in regard to speech and publication.
B. and E. marked the downfall of the Inca empire, for obvious reasons. Disease and civil war would obviously kill the empire, and taking an important leader would also mark great chaos within the empire. A. and C. are not to be ignored however, considering that maintaining peaceful relationships with the Spaniards only brought death and chaos to the Aztecs, all from the Spaniards.
C. France
France was the first European country to start a revolution with the use of nationalism to unify their country.
