They made Channels underground a lined with clay to prevent sepage in the surrounding soil. They were a big contribution and we still do something inspired by that today.
If you're referring to the post WW2 period, then it was fairly simple, the United States wanted to create a democratic liberal country that would share their political goals in Europe, while the Soviets wanted to make it into a Communist state that would share their goals and ideals in Europe. Each would have their own central European country to control the remainder of Europe.
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After an uprising by the Congolese people, Belgium surrendered and this led to the independence of the Congo in 1960.
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