The "Close the Gate" political cartoon was created during 1919. This was the era of the Red Scare, where Americans feared the Soviet Union and communism infiltrating American society. With this in mind, you can better understand the cartoon.
If you look, on the suitcase there is says "undesirables." This shows how the author sees the immigrants coming in as a detriment to society.
On the gate, it says "Immigration restrictions." If this gate is closed, it will effectively limit who is coming into the United States. These restrictions will help to ensure that foreigners won't spread their ideas/bad influences into American society.
Lastly, his head is shown as a bomb with a fuse light. This is symbolic, as it is saying that it is only a matter of time before this person does something bad.
Proving summer school is local
Well, I'm not sure which war you're referencing. But, if it's WWI, they did it through war bonds and taxes. Mostly war bonds.
Answer:
Federalism is mainly understood to be an organizational principle in which the individual members (member states) have a limited independence and statehood, but are united to a sovereign overarching federal state.
A federal state consists of sub-states that exercise certain (limited) competences under constitutional law that are not derived from the federal government as a whole. In addition to the state as a whole, the member states of a federal state therefore have their own, original autonomy over the population in their territory in terms of constitutional law.
