Checks and balances are a system where one branch of the government holds no more power over one another. For example, a law must be passed through the senate, and then is checked by the House of Representatives before finally being voted in. The president how ever, has more Jurors diction over both the House and the senate ultimately having the power to veto a law if necessary. (May want to double check the order I’ve said things).
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The Visigoths were slowly invading the Byzantine Empire.
The Byzantine Empire was slowly losing its hold over its territories.
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the foreign exploitation of their territory and resources
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The Chinese people were struggling for several centuries, especially after they fell under the rule of the Manchu. The Manchu rulers were of different ethnic group, and they didn't had in their best interest the Chinese identity and unity, but the opposite. These rulers also allowed the European colonial powers to bribe them, and with it to be granted the best Chinese ports and the area surrounding them. This led to economic downfall of China, as the profit from the trade through their ports was going in the European pockets, and their natural resources were used, but the Chinese people were not getting anything from it. This led to revolt, and gradually to revival of the nationalism in China. The people started to unite for their common interest, and to work together for their best interest.
The Persians built a system of well maintained roads which facilitated the rapid transit of military and government personnel. One particular road was called the Royal road that stretched from Sardis to Susa . The Persians established way stations at intervals equipped with fresh horses for the King's messenger.
The Assyrian system of communication was so efficient and effective that a provincial governor anywhere in the empire except Egypt could ask a question and receive an answer within a week.