Answer:
A gerund is a verb ending in -ing that functions as a noun in a sentence.
Explanation:
....and as a noun, it can play the role of a subject or as an object (just as "regular" nouns do.)
S
Smoking is hazardous to one's health.
O
I enjoy playing soccer at the park.
The correct answer among all the other choices is a. formality. This is not something to consider when revising for clarity. Thank you for posting your question. I hope this answer helped you. Let me know if you need more help.
The answer is d unless you messed up typing