<h2>GPCRs and RTKs</h2>
Explanation:
1) Phosphorylation of receptor can terminate signal or desensitize receptor: GPCRs because when signal persists a protein kinase receptor is activated,this further catalyse the phosphorylation of several serine residue at cytosolic phase of 7 transmembrane
Phosphorylated transmembrane recognized by arrestin protein blocks interaction between trimeric G protein and receptor thus blocks signal transduction
2) Autophosphorylation of receptor can initiate signal: RTKs because receptor dimerization activates intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity by which they phosphorylate its own tyrosine residue on cytosolic phase
3) Structure contains seven transmembrane helices: GPCRs because it consists of single polypeptide and spans the membrane 7 times hence called 7 transmembrane;it recognizes external signal and activates trimeric G protein
4) Ligand binding induces conformational change in receptor: RTKs because normally RTK exist in monomeric form in absence of any ligand molecule but when any ligand molecule binds receptor starts to dimerize
5) Receptor activation causes phosphorylation of its cytosolic subunits: RTKs because when receptor gets activates the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity by which they phosphorylate its cytosolic subunits
6) An example is the insulin receptor: Insulin receptor is present on plasma membrane and belongs to RTK family and always exist in dimeric form
7) Transports some ligands through the membrane: Neither GPCR nor RTK;ligand gets transported through the membrane through ligand gated channel
8) An example is the epinephrine receptor: Epinephrine is an endocrine hormone produced by adrenal glands in stress condition and prepare body for fight and flight;Epinephrine uses GPCR signalling pathway by four different types of membrane receptors in different tissues
9) Activate heterotrimeric G proteins directly: Transmembrane protein of GPCR recognizes the external signal and activates G protein,activated G protein binds with effector enzyme and activate it which further produce or destroy secondary messenger that carry message from cell surface to cell interior
The correct options are:
- Matter is made of small particles.
- Matter's particles are in constant random motion or vibration
- There is empty space between matter's particles.
Anything which has mass and occupies shape is a matter. Matter is composed of particles. The particles of matter are very small in size and they attract each other. There is space between the particles. The particles are in continuous random motion, thus they have kinetic energy. on absorbing energy their movement increases.
Out of the following give choices;
a. All DNA strands
contained only the heavy nitrogen isotope.
b. Half of the DNA strands contained only the light nitrogen
isotope.
c. All DNA strands contained both heavy and light nitrogen
isotopes.
d. All DNA strands contained only the lighter nitrogen
isotope.
The answer is b. Meselson–Stahl experiment demonstrated the semi-conservative model of DNA replication.
When DNA is replicated, one strand of the new double
helix strand is the parent's strand while the other is the newly synthesized
one. This made the semiconservative model stand out over the other two, dispersive
and conservative models.
Esta cita se refiere a las mitocondrias. Las mitocondrias juegan un papel muy importante en la vida de las células, esto se debe a que sin las mitocondrias, la célula no podría sobrevivir.
The answer is B. How else would it be able to move around?
