The first African-Americans brought into English America do not do so as slaves, but as registered laborers, but in 1650 it is almost impossible for them to obtain freedom: Europeans need cheap and submissive people in the colonies, which causes settlers to be inclined to slavery. In Maryland, Delaware, and Virginia slavery is legalized first. North, New England does not need to have slaves for its traditional and puritan way of life, Nor the intermediate zone formed by New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey, with population of English, German and Dutch merchants and farmers, less racist and more tolerant. But in the South it was different, in the Virginias, the Carolinas, Maryland, Georgia, plantations and landowners needed massive numbers of people, leading to a system of slave control, and an accepted racist ideology.
It was the end of the Revolutionary war, where Gen. Cornwallis surrendered to the Americans. They were fighting to gain America's independence from England
Based on the given excerpt above quoted from Ralph Waldo Emerson, it clearly describes what can make someone successful in the market. And according to both Adam Smith and Emerson, what guarantees this success in a free market system is individual freedom. Answer is the first option.
