The answer would be the first one
I believe its railroads!
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European immigration changed America's overwhelmingly Protestant perspective by the early 1900s in many ways, one of which led to religious tolerance among the protestants.
The other effect is the idea of secularism became widespread in the United States.
This is evident in the fact that the Protestant belief or view in America before the 1900s is centered on the idea of controlling the American culture and fighting against secularism.
However, with many European immigrants coming into the United States around the 1900s with different religious ideologies and socioeconomic and political beliefs, the notion and ideas of a typical American Protestant changed over time.
Hence, in this case, it is concluded that the European immigrants changed the perceptions of typical American Protestants.
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Few events have a worst impact than the ww1.
