First the ten commandments were created by god on stone tablets and Hammurabi's code was claimed to be made/wirtten by the god of justice.
The Republican Party was formed from the Whig Party, since the main issue tying most Whigs together was slavery. The Republican ideology soon became about abolition, as well as federal power over the states.
They needed aggressive officers and troops better trained for desert fighting
They became richer and wealthier off the resources of the lands they colonized
Answer:
paying income tax
paying property tax
serving on a jury when called