In order to make the proton gradient, protons are pumped across the mitochondrial membrane at several points in the electron transport chain. However, that proton gradient is only used to make ATP by the ATP synthase, which is technically separate from the electron transport chain.
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Adhesion, Cohesion, Evaporating Cooling, and Surface Tension
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No they don’t, but to be able to have cellular respiration it can perform aerobic cellular respiration. These cells will move electrons back and forth across their cell membrane. Other types of prokaryotes cannot use oxygen to perform cellular respiration, so they perform anaerobic respiration.
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Microtubules are found in cilia and flagella .Microtubules are the thickest type of cytoskeleton fiber .Structurally they are hollow tubes that can dissolve and reform very quickly.Functionally, they provide movement to the to the organelles and pull the chromosome to their poles at the time of cell division
Explanation: