I believe the answer is smallpox, but I could be mistaken. There were lots of viruses threatening the population at the time but from what I know, smallpox was the largest threat.
D. The pilgrims stayed in an abandoned village whose original inhabitants had died of disease.
The answer is Sir Francis Drake. He is an English men but had nothing to do with Spain.
The Enlightenment philosopher who promoted the principles of separation of church and state along with freedom of the press was Voltaire. Voltaire established himself as one of the leading writers of the Enlightenment. Hope this answers the question. Have a nice day.