This is going to be A. An artefact is something that <em>we </em>made! =)
Kievan Russia grew from the trade cities founded by Swedish Varangians. Kiev became the dominant city under Vladimir I, whose conversion to Orthodox Christianity and marriage to a Byzantine princess oriented Kiev toward Byzantium. Kiev thus became a bulwark against the spread of Latin Christianity.
Suck a fat ockkkkkkkkkkkkk
The Hudson River, especially during the French and Indian War. <span />