From the options provided, this would be <span>Elastic Clause.
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Because the third estate wanted to to reduce the power of the clergy, but the church was one of the most important things to society. Hence the church having it's own country (the papal states)
Answer: Bill of rights.
Explanation:
Bill of right is a constitution which allows the rights and liberties of individuals, such right includes freedom of speech, association, religion, etc.
A state can be defined as a 'political community' which gathers under one leader and abide by a specfic set of rules and laws.
The early states as those seen in the Sumer, where city-states. Small in size, ruled by a king with the support of the local people and land lords.
The ruler also had a small army to maintain local order and to protect against foriegn invasions.
"(2) conquest of Constantinople" was by far the event that most marked the rise in power of the <span>Ottoman Empire in 1453, since this became a thriving city. </span>
