Answer:
When the Turks then threatened to invade the Byzantine Empire and take Constantinople, Byzantine Emperor Alexius I made a special appeal to Urban for help. This was not the first appeal of its kind, but it came at an important time for Urban. Wanting to reinforce the power of the papacy, Urban seized the opportunity to unite Christian Europe under him as he fought to take back the Holy Land from the Turks.
Explanation:
I think you should go with C or either with D
Answer:
France was the first Country to sign the treaty
No, almost nothing is inevitable in history
John Marshall strengthened the Supreme Court’s Power by invoking judicial review in the case of Marbury v Madison.