The correct answer is A.
<em>The Northern Securities Company</em> was formed in the year 1901 in the state of New Jersey. It was the merging of holdings of the following railroad companies: Northern Pacific Railway, Great Northern Railway, Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad.
<em>This merger created a monopoly that monopolized the railway traffic between Chicago and the Northwest.</em>
President Roosevelt, fearing restraint of trade and competition, sued the company in 1902 under the Sherman Antitrust Act ( this acts regulated the competition among enterprises).
The government won the case and the company was dissolved. The three railroad companies started to operate individually again.
<u>The correct answers are the following:</u>
- All people are equal to one another. The Christian religion considers humans as sons of God and therefore all are equally loved by him. Moreover, christians need to appreciate and take care of all their peers.
- All people are imperfect. This is why imperfect people end up committing sins and afterwards, God has the power to forgive them if they apologize and regret.
- Jesus was the son of God. He was supposed to come to earth in human form in order to provide guidance to humans.
- All people have a duty to help one another. All humans are sons of God and should treat each other as brothers and sisters, and help the neighbor in the extent that they can.
- The teachings of Jesus are the word of God. Jesus came to earth to trasmit the messages that God had previosly taught him.
The case you describe is: SWEATT v. PAINTER
Details:
The case of <em>Sweatt v. Painter (</em>1950), challenged the "separate but equal" doctrine regarding racial segregated schooling which had been asserted by an earlier case, <em>Plessy v. Ferguson</em> (1896).
Heman Marion Sweatt was a black man who was not allowed admission into the School of Law of the University of Texas. Theophilus Painter was the president of the University of Texas at the time. So that's where the names in the lawsuit came from.
In the case, which made its way to the US Supreme Court, the ultimate decision was that forcing Mr. Sweatt to attend law school elsewhere or in a segregated program at the University of Texas failed to meet the "separate but equal" standard, because other options such as those would have lesser facilities, and he would be excluded from interaction with future lawyers who were attending the state university's main law school, available only to white students. The school experience would need to be truly equal in order for the "separate but equal" policy to be valid.
In 1954, another Supreme Court decision went even further. <em>Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka </em>extended civil liberties to all Americans in regard to access to all levels of education. The <em>Plessy v. Ferguson </em>case had said that separate, segregated public facilities were acceptable as long as the facilities offered were equal in quality. In <em>Brown v. Board of Education</em>, segregation was shown to create inequality, and the Supreme Court unanimously ruled segregation to be unconstitutional. After the Brown v. Board of Education decision, there was a struggle to get states to implement the new policy of desegregated schools, but eventually they were compelled to do so.
