The best and most correct answer among the choices provided by your question is the second choice which is "railroad tracks."
<span>By 1860 the Midwest and the East were united by a network of railroad tracks.</span>
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It was motivated by a desire to find new resources and markets.
<em>New Imperialism </em>was a period of colonial expansion in the late 19th century. The European states set up colonies and trading posts in Africa and many carried missionary activities.
The main goal/purpose/motive for this expansion were:
<em>- the economic motive:</em> The Western states were looking for new raw materials for sale such as rubber, oil and tin. They also wanted to control the market in their new conquered territories.
- the political motive: there was a need to show military strength and dominance over other countries.
- the religious motive: the Western countries wanted to spread Christianity and promote education, hoping that they can help to abolish slavery in Africa. They also wanted to civilize primitive people.
- the exploration motive: the European states wanted to explore new territories to find new resources that benefited them.
Islamic scholars preserved some of art and literature's most classical works, inspiring the Europeans.
Some common problems they faced is that they both expanded their lands and had trouble controlling the old and new territories.
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