The correct answer among all the other choices is C. The feuds between religious and secular power over investiture. The fall of the western Roman empire contributed most directly to this circumstance. Thank you for posting your question. I hope that this answer helped you. Let me know if you need more help.
<span>The population of Europe declined by around 1/3 (like 27-33%) and most of which was the peasantry. This lack of peasantry didn't mean that the work they had to do was also diminished. They still had to do all the work, only with less numbers. This increased amount of labor lead to unrest in the societies in the Medieval era. They demanded a type of increased wage, or allowance of food/ration, and eventually gained some ground, which led a sort of Yeoman class, (emerging lower class) in England, and the bourgeoisie, for example, in France.</span>
