Answer:
Four conditions are required for evolution to occur: reproduction, heredity, variation in fitness or organisms, variation in individuals among the members of the observed population.
<span>Colostrum
is replaced by transitional milk in about 2 to 4 days after birth. This milk
contains high levels of lactose, fat, vitamins and more calories than the
colostrum. Mature milk replaces the transitional milk and begins to appear near
the end of the second week after childbirth. Mature milk contains more water than
transitional milk.</span>
The maximum amount of energy that we should expect to be recycled from fox trophic level back to the grass trophic level is 0 units.
A food chain describes who eats whom in the wild. Every living thing – from unicellular algae to giant blue whales – needs food to survive. Every food chain is a possible pathway that energy and nutrients can travel through an ecosystem. The primary productivity of the grass is 200 units. There is a 10 fold decrease in the amount of energy units as we move upwards in production chain. So from grass to rabbits we lose energy. The foxes will only really have two units once it's decreased by 10 fold again. The grass does not get any energy from the decaying bodies of foxes, they get the minerals that they need to grow. And so the correct answer to this question is 0 units because when the energy gets recycled from fox trophic level back to the grass trophic level it will be totally reduced.
Note: The question seems to be incomplete. So the complete question is "Consider a hypothetical food chain consisting of grass, rabbits, and foxes. The primary productivity of the grass is 200 units. What is the maximum amount of energy that we should expect to be recycled from the fox trophic level back to the grass trophic level? Answer choices: A) 0 units B) 0.2 units C) 2 units D) 20 units"
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In the study of Gigord and colleagues using Elderflower orchids, the allele frequencies of yellow and purple flowers varied such that when the yellow allele started to become rare, the reproductive success of purple flowers decreased and the reproductive success of yellow-flowered individuals increased in a process known as <u>frequency-dependent selection.</u>
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Frequency-dependent selection is an evolutionary process in which the fitness of a phenotype or genotype is dependent on the frequency of that phenotype or genotype in a particular population.
- Positive frequency-dependent selection raises the fitness of a phenotype or genotype as it becomes more prevalent.
- In the case of negative frequency-dependent selection, the fitness of an increasingly prevalent phenotype or genotype diminishes.
In a broader sense, frequency-dependent selection involves biological interactions that make the fitness of an individual dependent on the frequencies of other genotypes or phenotypes within the population.
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