The chinese were looking for more land to colonize and exploit
England and Spain had been at each other's neck from 1585 to 1603. It all started during the era of exploration of the New World. Both couhtries were vying for the wealth and power brought upon the expeditions. Another issue that both had been very tense about is religion. England was a Protestant country under the rule of Elizabeth I. Spain considered it as a religous crusade and lastly, English Seamen were attacking Spanish vessels. Because of these issues both countries were at war. Many Protestants were persecuted during the reign of Mary Tudor. Elizabeth I excommunicated the Pope,just to name a few. Spanish vessels were attacked by Drake. The war ended when Elizabeth I died and King James i issued a decree on piracy
<span>In the intermediate years that followed the war, Metternich had a policy that he used towards Germany that served to not allow any movement that would lead to the constitutionalism inside the German confederation.</span>
All three of these Jewish groups began in the Middle East, according to the map provided. You can see that they originate from areas near Egypt and Arabia. But over time, the Jews spread to different parts of the world such as the Roman Jews going to Italy whilst the Exile going to Mesopotamia and Egypt.
Unfortunately, I can't answer that last question as I don't know much information about the Torah or what role it played during that time period. I hope this helps you someway regardless! Good luck! :)
