Answer:
1. Potassium
2. increasing towards zero
3. hyperpolarization
4. voltage-regulated Potassium
Explanation:
Membrane potential can be defined as the difference in electric charges inside and outside of a cell. The resting membrane potential (RMP) occurs when there is no net current across the membrane and therefore the cell is in a non-excited state. At the RMP, sodium ions (Na+) are more concentrated inside the extracellular fluid (ECF) than inside the intracellular fluid (ICF), while potassium ions (K+) are more concentrated inside the ICF. The diffusion of K+ outside the cell triggers its hyperpolarization, by becoming the membrane potential more negative compared to the resting potential. As the potential nears +35 mV, the voltage-regulated potassium channels are open, thereby K+ ions leave the cell down its concentration gradient, while voltage-gated Na+ channels become saturated and inactivate.
Answer:
the minimum amount of energy that is required to activate atoms or molecules to a condition in which they can undergo chemical transformation or physical transport.
Explanation:
A human life is so valuable that no single price should be placed on it. The effect on this stance on bioethical issues however, is relative.
<h3>Relativity of Human value to Bioethical issues</h3>
- A person's stance on a bioethical issue can be based on which human life they value more, the person that will gain, or the one that will be affected.
- With abortion, one might argue that the value of the mother is higher than the baby's because not having to take care of a child will give her a better life.
- Designer babies might be more valuable because their lower rate of birth defects mean that they are tougher and less expensive to maintain.
- Stem cell research could save many lives so more value might be placed on these lives than the embryos affected.
In conclusion, a person can see another life as valuable yet have relative views on bioethical issues.
Find out more on stem cell research at brainly.com/question/5409171.
Aminotes include synapsids and sauropsids as well as their ancestors, back to amphibians.
