A participle is a word formed from a verb.
Like going, gone, being, or been.
It can also be an adjective like working woman, burned toast. (A verb being used as an adjective).
The word prodigy applies to Waverly due to her being especially good at chess, or whatever it was she does. Her mother's point of view on prodigy is being the best she can be, and the term applies to her mother by not being quite as smart as her daughter.
Answer:
lines 4 5 and 6 of the first passage
4 because it doesn't relate to the other 3 answers