The question is vague. Which works are you referring?
I would say it is probably common knowledge, because it isn't someone else's idea, but if you found it online or in an article you would probably want to credit any thoughts, ideas, or quotes. Be sure to state whose calculated this number also.
it's the synonyms of before prior
Explanation:
Be sure to wash your hands prior to sitting down for dinner
Answer:
The setting is a raft traveling down the Mississippi River, which allows Huck to experience a degree of freedom that helps him understand how important freedom is for Jim.
Well could you include the text?