Answer:
The one-child policy was the population control policy in force in the People's Republic of China from 1979 to 2015, whereby each couple was only allowed to have one child; having a second child was punishable. The aim of this policy was to slow down population growth.
The economic and social consequences of the Chinese one-child policy could severely limit the Chinese economy and society, partly because of the rapidly increasing aging population as a result of this policy. That is why the one-child policy was increasingly abandoned. For example, two out of three Chinese families were later allowed to have two children.
However, it had positive effects in terms of maintaining the country's natural resources, as it somewhat curbed their massive consumption.
In India, another country with 1 billion inhabitants, a two-child policy was pursued, but due to the high illiteracy, little has happened.
