Answer:
The correct answer is A. Henry IV appeared before Pope Gregory VII to ask for his forgiveness.
Explanation:
In the 10th century, the emperor had gradually acquired a say in the appointment of bishops in the Holy Roman Empire. This was not very surprising, because the emperor often entrusted lordship, political and even military tasks to the bishops.
The battle really broke out in 1075 between Emperor Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII. On the one hand, the Pope interfered in the Saxon wars, undermining royal authority, and on the other, the appointment of a bishop of Milan by Henry IV was the last straw.
The king organized a meeting of bishops at which Pope Gregory VII was deposed. In response, Gregory excommunicated the king, as well as his allies. This put Henry in a difficult position, because a number of German bishops turned against him and some princes threatened to do the same. Henry then made a penance to Canossa in 1077, where he showed himself willing to submit to the Pope, who finally pardoned him.
The colonial boundaries created countries where they did not exist, separated tribal groups in many cases, and often brought
Between 1881 and 1911, the entire African continent (with few exceptions) was conquered by seven European countries. The indigenous peoples found themselves integrated into the political and economic structures created by the European colonizers, finding themselves subjected to them.
The elites of indigenous peoples (such as tribal leaders) enjoyed some advantages, such as some social positions, but Africans were generally excluded from political decisions. Finally, colonialism led to an impoverishment also in cultural terms, as well as an impossibility of political independence of the territory.
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