The Inca Empire, or Inka Empire (Quechua: Tawantinsuyu), was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. The administrative, political and military center of the empire was located in Cusco in modern-day Peru. The Inca civilization arose from the highlands of Peru sometime in the early 13th century.
Answer:
It transformed Mexico but was not duplicated elsewhere in Latin America.
Explanation:
Socrates. You think your teacher is tough when he or she asks a question? Socrates almost never gave a straight answer. A question was always followed by another question. He's fun to read about, but I'll bet his students didn't always like it.
Byzantium/Constantinople was conquered in 1451, but the empire continued to decline starting around the 18th or 19th centuries. It officially died in WWI. As for how long it was a major threat to Europe, the empire's prime was the 16th century, under Suleiman the Magnificent.