It depends on what type of essay you are writing . If it’s argumentative it also depends on if you are writing it for the intro. The intro goes:
Hook- catch attention
Thesis- restate argument
Claim- what you think
Answer:
I think it's gerund
Explanation:
I'm sorry but I don't know for sure
I would say that your answer would be D, as various hardships are mentioned when they said they tried to be peaceful.
