The correct answer is - biosphere conditions.
The ecosystems and the structure of the vegetation are parts of the wider term that is the biosphere. According to that, any changes that will appear in the functioning of the ecosystems, or if the structure of the vegetation is affected by something, it means that the biosphere is experiencing changes, thus it is becoming affected by this changes.
Answer:
A carbon tax aims to make individuals and firms pay the full social cost of carbon pollution. In theory, the tax will reduce pollution and encourage more environmentally friendly alternatives. However, critics argue a tax on carbon will increase costs for business and reduce levels of investment and economic growth.
pros-cons-carbon-tax
The purpose of a carbon tax
The purpose of a carbon tax is to internalise this externality. What this means is that the final price of the good should include the external costs and not just the private cost. It is similar to the ‘polluter pays principle.‘ – which was incorporated into international law at the 1992 Rio Summit. It simply means those who cause environmental costs should be made to pay the full social cost of their actions.
Diagram to show welfare loss of a negative externality
negative-externality-id
This diagram shows that in a free market (without any tax), we get overconsumption (Q1) of carbon, leading to a welfare loss to society.
Social efficiency with Carbon Tax
tax-on-negative-externality
Explanation:
Answer:
a. the amount of biologically productive land/sea area needed to support the lifestyle of humans
Answer: The answer is D: international recognition
International recognition is generally not a reason why humans compete for territory.
Explanation: Territory can be defined as an area under the control of a specific individual or country. It is an area of land belonging to a governmental authority. It is also an area of land belonging or connected with a country or a person.
International recognition is an official recognition or acknowledgement of a person by other country.
