Plessy v Ferguson (1896) was the earlier ruling overturned by Brown v. Board of Education (1954).
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, decided by the US Supreme Court in 1954, extended civil liberties to all Americans in regard to access to education. Until that decision, it was legal to segregate schools according to race, so that black students could not attend the same schools as white students. The older Supreme Court decision, Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), had said that separate, segregated public facilities were acceptable as long as the facilities offered were equal in quality. In the case of Brown v. Board of Education, that standard was challenged and defeated. Segregation was shown to create inequality, and the Supreme Court unanimously ruled segregation to be unconstitutional.
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a) northern securities controlled all rail service between chicago and the pacific northwest
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With the industrial revolution, work ceased to be seasonal and limited by daylight hours, as it had in the past. Factory owners were reluctant to leave their machinery idle, and in the 19th century, it was common for working hours to be between 14-16 hours a day, 6 days a week.
Nazi Germany's goal, from 1933-to 1945, was to "cleanse" the German society. Furthermore, those individuals that were viewed as a "biological threat" suffered from racial health policies created by Nazis.<em> "The Nazi regime carried out a program of approximately 400,000 forced sterilizations and over 275,000 euthanasia deaths that found its most radical manifestation in the death of millions of “racial” enemies in the Holocaust." </em>All of these actions, of course, were against the will of their victims.
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<em>Source:</em>
<em>United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, https://www.ushmm.org/collections/bibliography/nazi-racial-science. </em>
“Plains Indians lived in tipis, which could easily be taken down and transported when necessary. They had incredible horse-riding and archery skills, which allowed them to effectively hunt buffalo and travel across the Plains. Finally, they developed skills which allowed them to utilise every part of the buffalo.”
