Most metamorphic rocks are formed from regional metamorphism. When two plates collide, it causes the release of large amount of pressure, this causes a deformation (folding and faulting) of the rock. As a result of the collision, the denser plate may be forced under the less dense plate thereby causing the rock to fall deep where they are subjected to high pressure and temperature.
Regional metamorphism produces green schist facies, amphibolite facies and granulite facies.
Fertilizers and chemicals are important contaminants of water and enter ground both directly and indirectly. In the case of Karst landscapes, the contaminated water infiltrates into the groundwater through underground streams or percolation.
Oil and gas spills also pose a serious problem for groundwater contamination as they can pollute aquifers near fracking zones and other oil extraction areas.
Animal feces are more of a problem in the modern age due to large-scale commercialized animal farms. Unless the waste from these facilities is controlled, it can runoff into fields and rivers and eventually seep into groundwater reserves.
in order to restore a damage ecosystem, to sow native seeds or transplanting individual plants is a first step towards the solution.
2. Because it is difficult to study biogeochemical cycles globally, it is important to research in a smaller scale in order to measure the ecosystem processes.
