1 - Nationalism
The last part of the statement, "as people had a common bond of loyalty for the ideals of their country," is essentially the definition of Nationalism.
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Answer:
The Soviet Union played a crucial role to the spread of communism around the world.
Explanation:
In Europe, the Soviet Union occupied most of the countries in Eastern Europe after World War II. Countries such as Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary were given independence by the Soviet Union only in name, because their governments had to be communist and pro-Soviet.
In Asia, the Soviet Union supported North Korea during the Korean War, and aided the VietCong. It also invaded Afghanistan with the aim of spreading communism there.
In Africa, the Soviet Union was very active, arming dozens of communist militias in several countries (Angola, Rhodesia, Uganda, Ethiopia).
In Latin America, the Soviet Union supported Cuba until its fall in 1991. It also gave military support to dozens of guerrillas in practically every Latin American country.
During the middle of the 19th century the National Bank issue, also known as Bank War, consisted in Jackson's goal to dissolve the National Bank and create State Banks. At this time, Kentucky Senator Henry Clay helped to organize the Whig Party which opposed to Jackson's objective and tried to give more power to the Congress than the president, because he thought Jackson had too much control.