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The samurai, members of a powerful military caste in feudal Japan, began as provincial warriors before rising to power in the 12th century with the beginning of the country’s first military dictatorship, known as the shogunate. As servants of the daimyos, or great lords, the samurai backed up the authority of the shogun and gave him power over the mikado (emperor). The samurai would dominate Japanese government and society until the Meiji Restoration of 1868 led to the abolition of the feudal system. Despite being deprived of their traditional privileges, many of the samurai would enter the elite ranks of politics and industry in modern Japan. More importantly, the traditional samurai code of honor, discipline and morality known as bushido–or “the way of the warrior”–was revived and made the basic code of conduct for much of Japanese society.
Early Samurai
During the Heian Period (794-1185), the samurai were the armed supporters of wealthy landowners–many of whom left the imperial court to seek their own fortunes after being shut out of power by the powerful Fujiwara clan. The word “samurai” roughly translates to “those who serve.” (Another, more general word for a warrior is “bushi,” from which bushido is derived; this word lacks the connotations of service to a master.)
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Describe the part played by Germany in increasing European militarism. Because Germany and France had doubled their army, other countries began to race to get bigger and stronger armies. Germany and Britain started to compete for mastery of the seas. If Russia attacked Germany, they would attack France through Belgium.
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It was an unwritten deal, that was informally arranged buy the U.S. congressmen, that settled the 1876 presidential election. It resulted in the U.S. federal government pulling troops out of the south, an also ending the reconstruction era.
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