Answer:
A, D are the answers
Explanation:
The correct answers are,
A. French aristocrats belonged to the second estate
D. it was very difficult to change membership in a estate
During the periods that were characterized by feudalism, the clergy was regarded as the first estate, the aristocrats were the second estate, while those that were commoners or peasants were third estate.
No social mobility existed among these estates. So it was difficult to change membership.
Answer:
Alexander maintained control of his empire by keeping local leaders in place as governors, marrying the daughters of local chieftains, and spreading fear throughout the empire. Local leaders were left to maintain order in their provinces after swearing their loyalty to Alexander.
Explanation:
Answer:
In the Ottoman Empire, a millet (Turkish: [millet]) was an independent court of law pertaining to "personal law" under which a confessional community (a group abiding by the laws of Muslim Sharia, Christian Canon law, or Jewish Halakha) was allowed to rule itself under its own laws.
Despite frequently being referred to as a "system", before the nineteenth century the organization of what are now retrospectively called millets in the Ottoman Empire was not at all systematic. Rather, non-Muslims were simply given a significant degree of autonomy within their own community, without an overarching structure for the 'millet' as a whole. The notion of distinct millets corresponding to different religious communities within the empire would not emerge until the eighteenth century.[1] Subsequently, the existence of the millet system was justified through numerous foundation myths linking it back to the time of Sultan Mehmed the Conqueror (r. 1451–81),[2] although it is now understood that no such system existed in the fifteenth century.[3]
During the 19th century rise of nationalism in the Ottoman Empire, as result of the Tanzimat reforms (1839–76), the term was used for legally protected ethno-linguistic minority groups, similar to the way other countries use the word nation. The word millet comes from the Arabic word millah (ملة) and literally means "nation".[3] The millet system has been called an example of pre-modern religious pluralism.[4]
Johann Strauss, author of "A Constitution for a Multilingual Empire: Translations of the Kanun-ı Esasi and Other Official Texts into Minority Languages", wrote that the term "seems to be so essential for the understanding of the Ottoman system and especially the status of non-Muslims".
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Answer:
He had an automated assembly line that sped up production of his inventions. He used hundreds of typewriters and electric telegraphs inside his laboratories. He had a system of note-taking that was impossible for other businessmen to read.
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