Answer and Explanation:
A possible explanation as to why animals are used in the story instead of humans is because animals are less complex than humans. In "Animal Farm", the characters do represent real humans: Lenin, Stalin, the Russian people. However, <u>their traits and actions are simplified, which makes it easier for readers to grasp what the author is trying to convey.</u> For instance, the Soviet leaders are represented by the pigs which, in the story, are the only animals intelligent enough to know anything about leading and managing. Precisely because they are more intelligent and have access to power, the pigs begin to act as dictators. On the other hand, most of the other animals are incapable or learning anything or understanding the situation. That is to show how the Russian people were kept in the dark concerning reality, and how easy it was to mistreat them precisely because they did not possess the knowledge or means to fight back.
Answer:
The ulama advised the caliph. Caliph was the religious and political leader of all Muslims till the 9th century.
Explanation:
Middle Ages is the period in European history from the collapse of Roman civilization to the period of the Renaissance that is from 5th century to the beginning of 13th, 14th or 15th century according to the various regions of Europe.
Religion and government were very much connected in the Muslim states. The ulama advised the caliph. Caliph was the religious and political leader of all Muslims till the 9th century.
The ulama were important religious scholars and experts in Sharia law and
Caliph was the leader of the umma.
