It is an act or agency by which an effect is produced.
The great depression in 1929 is widely accredited to have been started by the Wall street crash, the drastic and fast fall in stock prices on the US stock market.
It was unsuccessful because humans will always find a way to get something they want or need. Taking alcohol away doesn’t mean that it will stop them from getting it. Also the taxes that the government made off of alcohol was enormous so this loss of source of money for the government started to take affect.