Answer: B.John Locke favored a constitutional monarchy, while Jean-Jacques Rousseau favored a democratic republic.
<u>Context/detail:</u>
John Locke's <em>Second Treatise on Civil Government </em>(1690) is referred to often in our modern political studies. Locke's <em>First Treatise on Civil Government</em> doesn't get much attention anymore, but it was also a very good book. The purpose of his <em>First Treatise</em> was to debunk the idea of divine right monarchy -- the notion that hereditary dynasties of kings have received their authority and position by appointment from God. That notion of government had to be taken out of the way philosophically before a new plan could be built (as was then done in the <em>Second Treatise</em>). The <em>Second Treatise </em>laid out plans for a more constitutional form of government, with legislatures serving as the main power of government and a monarch more of an executive officer for the government.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau pushed the concepts of enlightened politics even further than others of his era. His most influential political writing was <em>The Social Contract </em> (1762). He stated that the social contract is basically an agreement on the part of an entire society to be governed by the collective will of the people. Self-interest is subdued and subjugated by this “general will.” In Rousseau’s terms, liberty means being compelled to follow what is best for everyone; persons in the minority will be compelled to see things as the general will sees things. Rousseau argued for a full participatory democracy, in which any elected leaders are merely charged with carrying out the will of the people:
- <em>"Thus the people's deputies are not and could not be its representatives; they are merely its agents; and they cannot decide anything finally. Any law which the people has not ratified in person is void; it is not law at all. The English people believes itself to be free; it is gravely mistaken; it is free only during the election of Members of Parliament; as soon as the Members are elected, the people is enslaved; it is nothing.”
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Answer:
Santa Teresa of Avila was a Carmelite, mystical and Holy Catholic nun of the sixteenth century, important for her works on the contemplative and spiritual life and for her performance during the Counter Reformation. She was also one of the reformers of the Carmelite Order and is considered co-founder of the Order of the Discalced Carmelites along with St. John of the Cross.
In 1622, forty years after her death, she was canonized by Pope Gregory XV. On September 27, 1970, Paul VI proclaimed her a Doctor of the Church and recognized her title of Mater Spiritualium (Mother of Spirituality), because of the contribution that the saint gave to Catholic spirituality. Her books, including an autobiography and her masterpiece, "The Inner Castle", are an integral part of Spanish Renaissance literature and the corpus of Christian mysticism. Her meditative practices are detailed in another important work, the "Path of Perfection".
After her death, the cult of Santa Teresa spread throughout Spain during the 1620s, mainly during the national debate over the choice of a patron saint along with Santiago Matamoros.
Both promoted the idea that laws should apply equally to all citizens.
Answer:
The first issue was the "War Guilt" article, which humiliated Germany and basically forced them to say that they were the cause for the war. The second issue was it forced Germany to pay for all the damages they cause, which put Germany in a bind and ensured the rise of Adolf Hitler.
Explanation:
Pay their shares of the war costs
