Answer: Below
Explanation: Europeans viewed the spread of Islam as a threat and actively worked to stop it. Military conquests by the Arab Empire and traders of Islamic faith were the primary means for spreading Islam to Africa, Europe, and Asia.
Answer: increased military presence abroad.
Explanation:
The firsts codes of law came from the ancient cities, you know like rome and greece, and jerusalm. They had laws like we do now, for example, if you steal thats against the law, what is the punishment? its stated in the law you will go to jail or do community service. Modern days it pretty much the same thing, we took those building blocks that the early humans have made and just built on top of it making it better. (if you need more info just comment)