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Andrew [12]
2 years ago
12

Suppose that the U.S. government decides to charge beer producers a tax. Before the tax, 40 billion cases of beer were sold ever

y year at a price of $7 per case. After the tax, 34 billion cases of beer are sold every year; consumers pay $8 per case, and producers receive $4 per case (after paying the tax), and producers receive $5 per case. The amount of the tax on a case of beer is $1 per case. Of this amount, the burden that falls on consumers is $ per case, and the burden that falls on producers is $ per case.
True or False: The effect of the tax on the quantity sold would have been the same as if the tax had been levied on producers. True False
Business
1 answer:
OLEGan [10]2 years ago
8 0

Answer:

$4

$1

$3

False

Explanation:

Tax is a compulsory sum levied by the government or an agency of the government on goods and services.

Taxes increases the price of products

Total amount of tax = new price of a case of beer - amount producers receive

$8 - $4 = $4

Burden of tax on consumers = new price of a case of beer - initial price

$8 - $7 = $1

Burden of tax on producers = Total amount of tax - Burden of tax on consumers

$4 - $1 = $3

the statement is false because if the tax has been imposed on producers, producers would not be able to share the burden of the tax with consumers. Thus, the whole burden of tax would have been borne by producers and the effect would be higher

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In risk management what does risk evaluation involve?
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When workers are able to augment their stock of human capital, they can expect to?
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1 year ago
The Corner Bakery has a bond issue outstanding that matures in 7 years. The bonds pay interest semi-annually. Currently, the bon
MaRussiya [10]

Answer:

Ans. The after tax cost of this bond is 2.09%

Explanation:

Hi, first we need to establish the cash flow of the bond, so we can find the after tax cost of the bond. After we find the after tax cash flow of the bond, we must use the IRR function of MS Excel to find the semi-annual cost of this debt, but, all after tax debts should be presented in annual basis. Let me walk you through the process. First, let me show you how it should look.

Face Value      100  

price              101,4  

years                7 years  

Coupon                9%  

Coupon                4,5% semi-annually  

tax                      30%  

   

Per       Cash Flow After Tax  

0                 101,4 101,4  

1                   -4,5 -3,15  

2                   -4,5 -3,15  

3                   -4,5 -3,15  

4                   -4,5 -3,15  

5                   -4,5 -3,15  

6                   -4,5 -3,15  

7                   -4,5 -3,15  

8                   -4,5 -3,15  

9                  -4,5 -3,15  

10                  -4,5 -3,15  

11                  -4,5 -3,15  

12                  -4,5 -3,15  

13                  -4,5 -3,15  

14               -104,5 -73,15  

   

Cost of Debt 1,04% semi-annually

Cost of Debt 2,09% annually

Ok, now, as you can see, there are 14 periods, that is because the coupon is paid semi-annually, the way to find the cash flow (I mean, the bond´s coupon) is:

Coupon (semi-annual)=(Face Value)x\frac{0.09}{2} =4.5

At the end (period 14), we need to add the face value and the coupon, that is $100+$4.5=$104.5

Now, to find the value of the third column (after-tax cost), we do the following.

After-tax-Cost=Couponx(1-taxes)=4.5(1-0.3)=3.15\\

Now, consider this, you are receiving 101.4 for every 100 of debt, that means that you are receiving more money than the emission value, and paying interests over 100 instead of 101.4, that is why we have to use the IRR excel function to find out the semi-annual cost of debt. That is, 1.04%.

Now, to make this an effective annual rate, we calculate it like this.

EffectiveAnnualRate=(1+semi-annual Rate)^{\frac{1}{2} }  -1=(1+0.0104)^{\frac{1}{2} } -1=0.0209

Finally, the after-tax cost of this debt is = 2.09%

Best of luck.

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Answer:

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In respect to the bargaining power of suppliers in Porter's five forces model of industry competition, Intel acts as a supplier to Microsoft. And because of Intel's bargaining power like its market dominance and limited competitors, it can set prices which the–Microsoft has no choice but to purchase.

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