Synonym for refract could be bend,swing arch or something similar to those words.
The answer that best describes how African Americans participated in the war effort during World War II is letter B. They were fully integrated into the armed forces and fought alongside whites. They actually volunteered to join
The phrase "we the people" as it relates to the constitution was meant to signal a large-scale inclusiveness of the voting population--meaning that the Founding Fathers wanted to ensure that all eligible (mainly male, white) citizens could have an equal say in government, so that tyranny did not form.
Hitler annnounced an Anschluss with Austria March 12, 1938.