75-97% of beryllium-exposed workers who develop Chronic Berylliosis have a common HLA-DPB1 gene variant versus 30-45% of beryllium exposed workers who do not develop the disease.
Chronic berylliosis is a granulomatous disease caused due to beryllium exposure. Its symptoms include cough, fever, night sweats and fatigue.
The HLA-DPB1 gene belongs to a group of MHC genes called MHC class II. MHC class II genes provide information for synthesizing proteins that are present on the surface of certain immune system cells. These proteins attach to protein fragments or peptides outside the cell.
A definitive diagnosis of berylliosis is based on occupational history, positive blood or bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test (BLPT) and granulomatous inflammation on lung biopsy.
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According to the rules of human genetics, if Betsy and Rudolph have a calf it will have a black nose.
What are alleles?
- The substance that is stably passed down, unchanged, from parent to offspring through the gametes, over successive generations is called as ‘factors’ now called as genes.
- Genes, therefore, are the units of inheritance. They contain the information that is required to express a particular trait in an organism. Genes which code for a pair of contrasting traits are known as alleles, i.e., they are slightly different forms of the same gene.
- Since Betsy has a dominant trait and doesn't carry any recessive gene and Rudolf has a recessive trait, their phenotypes will be NN and nn respectively.
- Mendel proposed that in a pair of dissimilar factors, one dominates the other and hence is called the dominant factor while the other factor is recessive. In this case N (for black nose) is dominant over n (for red nose), that is recessive.
- From the punnet square it is seen that the all the fertilisations lead to individuals having 'black nose' only and none of them will have 'red nose'.
- Within the genotypic pair Nn only one character N 'black nose' is expressed. Hence the character N or ‘black nose’ is said to dominate over the other allele n or ‘red nose’ character.
- It is thus due to this dominance of one character over the other that all the calf will have 'black nose' with Nn as the genotype.
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Answer:
{fil 3983920<idmiw} basic trigonometry
Explanation:
Answer:
D. Mixed with tin to make it stronger
Explanation:
When copper (Cu) combined with Tin(Sn) they make bronze. The product which these two elements form when combined with each other is called "Alloy" which is the Bronze that was mentioned in the question.
Why is this done?
This is done to produce an "Alloy" and alloy is usually used because it is stronger.
Industries prefer alloy in situation where they need strongness that they cannot find in a single element.
Because acid will lower the ph