A nation-state must have a shared national identity, physical boarders, and a single government.
Only one witch was George Washington
Comparative advantage. It is being able to produce goods by using fewer resources, at a lower opportunity cost, that gives countries a comparative advantage. The gradient of a PPF reflects the opportunity cost of production. Increasing the production of one good means that less of another can be produced.
I suggest you just write things are the *key* details in the Declaration of Independence, but it's best to get some background information first.