Answer:
C. Coupled reactions establish an electrochemical gradient across a membrane.
Explanation:
- During cellular respiration in mitochondria, and during photosynthesis in chloroplasts, the electron transport chain requires a proton gradient to pump protons across the membrane by active transport.
- Protons flow back across the membrane by facilitated diffusion through ATP synthase, which utilizes them to phosphorylate ADP to ATP.
- This process of ATP synthesis by harnessing the elctrochemicaal gradient geenrated by the diffusion of protons across the biological membrane through ATP synthase is called chemiosmosis.
I think the answer is Endospore. I'm sorry if I'm wrong...
The instrument of choice would be the the clam shell sampler, which is also know as a grab sampler. Another instrument they use is the piston corer which is an open tube on a cable that gets dropped from a ship.
Answer: The study of plant varieties.
Explanation:
This question relates to the studies that Gregor Mendel, founder of modern genetics, performed at the University of Vienna.
Experimenting on pea plants, Gregor Mendel was able to establish a lot of the rules of heredity that we know today even though his research was not fully appreciated or understood during his own life.
He credited the study of plant varieties to have been most crucial to his final analysis because farmers had been crossbreeding varieties for millennia to bring about better traits in plants.
