I can help if I get the text the question is talking about.
The subject and verb agree in the third sentence. In the first and second ones, a plural subject is paired with a singular-subject verb, and vice versa for the fourth sentence, thus not agreeing.
In this passage, Homer describes the scene in which Odysseus blinds the Cyclops. This is an extremely violent and descriptive scene. It is also an example of an extended simile. A simile is a direct comparison of two things through the use of descriptive words such as "like." In this case, we see a Homeric simile (named after Homer). This is a detailed simile that is many lines in length.
The passage describes the way a hot stake went through the Cyclops eye, and the noise that this made. Homer compares the action and the noise to the way a blacksmith might submerge a hot axhead or adz into cold water, releasing steam.
Shorty what is u talkin about