Answer: Edgar Allen Poe
Explanation: I think the first story is The Murders in the Morgue, which is by Poe. I'm not 100% sure though. Hope that helps.
It grew louder—louder—louder! And still the men chatted pleasantly, and smiled.
Correct. If the police officers could hear the sound, they likely would not be chatting pleasantly and smiling, which suggests that the narrator is hearing the wild beating of his own heart.
Answer:
The significance of the event was that Jamison didn't like the fact that he didn't accept himself that he was a female, but changed himself to a male instead, he also didn't like it, but his friend Steve in this situation told him to just accept the fact the he's a man now and just live up to it.
Answer:
A kind of phrase that renames or describes a noun or pronoun is an appositive phrase.
Explanation
He fears her because he believes that she has been sent by the thought police to spy on him.