The pharaoh was assisted by a hierarchy of advisors, priests, officials and administrators, who were responsible for the affairs of the state and the welfare of the people. Ancient Egypt could not have achieved such stability and grandeur without the co-operation of all levels of the population.
I'm guessing you're asking mainly about the second in command which would be a Vizier. But there were also many other people who helped the ruler. Government officials, scribes, regional governors, and many others.
After French assistance helped the Continental Army force the British surrender at Yorktown, Virginia, in 1781, the Americans had effectively won their independence, though fighting would not formally end until 1783.
