Economic geog.
political geog.
demography
social geog.
war geog.
agriculture geog.
settlement geog.
regional geog.
The answer to your question is C ! :)
The statement that is true of apartheid practices in south Africa before and after 1948 is : Apartheid was common but not official policy until they became law in 1948
Even before 1948, racial discrimination had happened in Africa. In around 1913, a lot of black skinned's land was taken by force by the white south Africans