The answer is a) Division of labor.
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In Europe, late in the century, the Vikings, seafaring peoples from Scandinavia, begin raiding the coasts of Europe and the Mediterranean, and go on to found several important kingdoms.
In Asia, the Pala Empire is founded in Bengal. The Tang Dynasty reaches its pinnacle under Chinese Emperor Xuanzong. The Nara period begins in Japan.
Answer: b. racism
Explanation: Racially motivated attacks are fueled by the belief that people are different based on their physical features or characteristics. It also believes that some people are inferior to others based on these traits. This may lead to hatred of the group that is believed to be inferior. In the 1800s, new Irish immigrants who were fleeing from famine in Ireland were attacked on the basis of being different. This was repeated in Ireland in 2014 against the Roma population.
D. reconstruction affected backs by reversing their access to education and political equality, and restricting access to economic belief.