There is no model but a good example of that kind of relationship is mosquitoes to horses or humans
P represents heating and Q represent cooling.
this is because when you start from a liquid and turn to a gas the particles move faster making them farther apart, causing a gas. the opposite happens when you go from a liquid to a solid. the partials move closer together causing a solid to form. :)
The Gaia Theory was proposed. By the british.
The owner, Mr Jones, forgot to feed the animals. The cows, due to their hunger, broke into the store shed and fed themselves. Jones and his farm hands found out and whipped the cows. Hungry and upset animals turned on the men and drove them out.